Nutrition and Hydration in End-of-Life Care

Nutrition and hydration play an important role in maintaining comfort and dignity in end-of-life care. For many families, this is an emotional subject, as appetite and intake often decline naturally. Understanding the role of food and fluids at this stage helps caregivers make compassionate decisions.

The Changing Role of Nutrition
At the end of life, the body’s needs change. Appetite decreases, and forcing food may cause discomfort. The focus shifts from nourishment for health to nourishment for comfort.

Hydration Considerations
Fluids are essential but can sometimes cause swelling or discomfort when the body no longer processes them efficiently. Care teams must balance hydration with comfort.

Comfort-Focused Approaches

• Offer favorite foods in small portions.

• Provide ice chips or moist swabs to relieve dry mouth.

• Respect patient cues — sometimes refusing food or water is part of the natural process.

Conclusion
Families often equate food with love, making this transition difficult. Providers who explain the natural changes and focus on comfort help families make peace with the process and keep dignity at the center of care.